Aging, Chronic Disease & Long-Term Care
The demographic and chronic-disease pressure reshaping health systems: ageing populations, the rising share of spending going to diabetes, cardiovascular and other long-term conditions, nursing-home and home-care capacity, caregiver shortages, and who pays for long-term care in each country.
Japan vs. Korea Long-Term Care Insurance: Opposite Spending
A peer-reviewed comparison found that adding care institutions lowered spending per beneficiary in Japan and raised it in Korea. Here is what the study measured, what it could not explain, and what has changed since its 2013-2015 data.
Japan Healthcare Spending 2040: Two Forecasts, ¥11T Apart
The 83 trillion yen figure for Japan's 2040 medical and long-term care spending comes from a private research firm whose own estimate has moved. Japan's government projects about 94 trillion. Here is what each number counts and what Japan spends today.

